Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. Other hybrid approaches have been suggested for visual-spatial and model-based reasoning. Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. Proportional representation, sometimes called simply "PR," is defined as an "electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them." This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. Proportional Representation Hernes, H. (1987). Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. They chant Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and harmoniously sing patriotic songs such as The Star Spangled Banner while being utterly oblivious of Americas corrupt political system. Roemer, J. 2. Lovenduski, J. Conclusion. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. Swiss-Subsaharan Africa Migration Inaugural call, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123404000134, Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies. ), Representation and redistricting issues. Stetson, D., & Mazur, A. G. (1995). Holst, C. (2014). For minorities, America is not the land of the free. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. 9. The electoral advantage of the incumbents presents a stumbling block on the advancement of new groups into the institution. Walby, S. (2011). (2005a). 7. Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/9e28f580-0d1b-4d72-8795-c48329947ac2@1. Princeton: Princeton University Press. These questions are all the more important given that Latinos are the single largest minority group in the country and growing at exponential rates. Democracy and the new separation of powers. Mart, J. L. (2006). Teigen, M. (2000). Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. London: Routledge. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the what is of a topic. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Growing up, racial profiling was never a big deal to me or my family. Grofman, B. 1. In addition, the attempts to form race-based alliances have had very little success amongst minority groups as racial similarities are not significant enough to unify different minority groups. Another benefit of descriptive research is that it enables you to determine the behavior of people in a natural setting. For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. In the first place, learning of our neighbors gives us the inclination that we must keep an eye out for them. Even though the movie broke some barriers, Disney and other film companies still have more progress to make to adequately represent their viewers. Advantage. Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. Crenshaw, K. (1991). Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons, knowledge, and the percent of time participants used KICs. Bicameral legislature emanates from the concept of representative democracy. The representation of women in Australia: Meaning and make-believe. New York: Free Press. Represent Women?A Contingent "Yes" Jane Mansbridge Harvard University Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. Is the ideal of deliberative democracy coherent? Shaw and McKay created common complication hypothesis to explain variety crosswise over neighborhoods. Tannen, D. (1994). During this time more than ever, African Americans are able to speak on subjects that can affect us in the future. This is a lesson from the tutorial, American Congress and you are encouraged to log The importance of descriptive representation in regards to minorities has been the subject of many debates in the past. For example, Patsy Mink (D-HI), the first Asian American woman elected to Congress, was the coauthor of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, Title IX of which prohibits sex discrimination in education. Rita Williams Garcia Net Worth, Equality of opportunity. Your email address will not be published. Since 1992, the U.S. Congress has experienced dramatic change in the demographic makeup of its membership. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. The epistemic conception of deliberative democracy defended. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the "what is" of a topic. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. Pennock, J. R. (1979). At one time, there was relatively little concern about descriptive representation in Congress. Descriptive statistics describe a sample. Get full access to this article. Like Mink, many other women sought and won political office, many with the help of the NWPC. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. The closer assessment of pros and cons will however vary with normative position and more specifically with which conceptions of democracy and equality one subscribes to. The contention is that such similarity in success prospects requires social and economic redistribution and not only anti-discrimination and equal treatment (what Rawls refers to as formal equal opportunities). #1) Waterfall Model. In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as: Cola-cola factory, Cabbage Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground Mall, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the city of Atlanta. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. The innocent are no longer afraid to pursue their first amendment and to remind others that we are all created equal. in or register, Vibert, F. (2007). As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. both quantitative and qualitative research. Minorities can be said to place themselves at a disadvantage because of their vulnerability and stubborn inability to, The fact that the social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than likely going to be doing robberies. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. representation in the U.S. House of Representatives Advantages of Proportional Representation The main advantage of PR is that it makes sure that all the views of the public are represented. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Equal outcomes on an individual level would have implied that each and every individual got the same bundle of goods and burdens in question. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? . Norris, P., & Franklin, M. (1997). 1. We would say that a black constituent is descriptively represented when she has a black member of Congress, regardless of whether that member of Congress . ), Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale. to the people they represent. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Collecting the data from different different organizations in the specific forms of data collection. While women and minorities remain underrepresented in Congress, some individual legislators have achieved seniority and enough political clout necessary to move into leadership positions. Both descriptive and inferential statistics help make sense out of row after row of data! People still have a voice. Hernes, H., & Skjeie, H. (1997). (2005b). Advantages of Descriptive Research. The predominant theory that descriptive representation improves a constituent's relationship with the state (Mansbridge 1999) has led to the study of how sharing a salient identity with one's representative positively affects attitudes toward government.In particular, political science has examined the effect of descriptive representation on political efficacy, a measure of trust and sense . The notions of women-centred/intersectional state feminism, state feminism with/without a welfare state and with/without democratization should be thought of in terms of Weberian ideal types. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. 2. Copyright 2020 Chemtech Speciality India Pvt. Horizontal Communication PubMedGoogle Scholar, Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Womens and Gender Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Holst, C. (2016). For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. And bear in mind that representatives act on behalf of groups not directly included in decision-making so we should also focus on the representation of interests (though this is much harder to do than simply counting, of course). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. Get Access. Register or login to make commenting easier. (1982). People of color are also serving as mayors across the country, including in major cities like D.C., Chicago, Baltimore, and Atlanta. The Journal of Politics, 61(3), 628657. Related; Information; Close Figure Viewer. Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. Currently, forty-six African Americans serve in Congress.
descriptive representation pros and cons
